Karl Marx-His views on class less society

Pioneer of Sociology

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Karl Marx was a great thinker. He writes on various subjects like political science, economics, history and philosophy. He never called him self as a sociologist, but his works his works are related to sociology, so he is also known as one of the founding father of sociology. His thoughts accepted by the so many people.

He was known as a sociologist because of hi work social change and his analysis of social conflict and revolution.

He also given theories like class struggle which considered as a conflict of two classes know as capitalist and the labor. Some of the modern sociologist not accepted the some theories.

The great thinker Karl Marx who dies in the year 1883.

Main works-

2.”The poverty of Philosophy”

3.”The Holy Family”

4.”The Manifesto of the Communist Party-1848”

5.”Das Kapitall”.

Ref-

Shri.C.N.Shankar Rao-Fundamentals of Sociology-Published-2010-2011 

Pag No-12-13
           

German Sociologist-A great thinker

Pioneer of Sociology

Max Weber (1864-1920)

He was from Germany. He same time as Durkheim. He was a great scholar, a great thinker, a great writer. His work on world religions, bureaucracy, nature of cities, music, rise of capitalism, types of political organizations, role of leaders especially in social change, etc. The works are very important works to development of Sociology. He belive the individual is the basic unit of the society.

He developed new approach called “method of understanding”  for the study of social phenomena. Thus, according to him, to understand fully the behavior, We must learn the subjective meanings people attach to their actions-that is, how they themselves view and explain their behavior. A research scholar must be “value-free” in their work. It means personal personal beliefs and convictions should never creep into sociological research o conclusion. Through Weber and  Durkheim were contemporaries they met and probably were unaware of each others existence. But Weber had taken note of several issues touched by Marx. Though he deeply admired much of Marx’s work, he never supported those views.

His main works-

1.”General Economics History”

2.”The City”

3.”Economy and Society”

4.”The Sociology of Religion”

5.”The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism”, etc.

Ref-

Shri.C.N.Shankar Rao-Fundamentals of Sociology-Published-2010-2011  page No-12-13

A great French Sociologist

Pioneer of Sociology

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

He was a French Sociologist. Emile Durkheim was a great sociologist, great thinker, a great philosopher. Who work for the development of the new subject sociologist in 19^th century.

He was born in france in the year 1858.he is influenced sociology like Spencer and comte. He considered society as a whole, an important unit of sociological study. He gave importance types of society. He won’t to establish sociology as an empirical science.

To understand social behavior of the individual larger social context is necessary. He interested in dealing with the problem of social order. He argued that societies are held together by the shared beliefs and values of their members. He sought to examine the forces contributing to group unity or solidarity.

He worked on various fields of sociology like, General Sociology, Sociology of religion, Sociology of Morals, Sociology of Law, Sociology of Crime, Economic Sociology, demography, Sociology of Aesthetics, etc.

His main works-

1.”The division of Labour in Society”

2.”The rules of Sociological Method”

3.”Suicide”

4.”The Elementary Forms of Religious Life”.

Ref-

Shri.C.N.Shankar Rao-Fundamentals of Sociology-Published-2010-2011  page No-12

Second father of Sociology

Second father of Sociology

2.Herbert Spencer(1820-1903)

Herbert spencer was in April 27,1820 at Durbhey of  England and known as second father of Sociology. He was a familiar with comte. Charles Darwin’s study of “The Origin of Species”. Borrowing the views and insights of Darwin, Spencer used the concepts of evolution of animals to explain how societies change over time. Similarly, he adapted the evolutionary view of the “survival of the fittest” to explain the difference between rich and poor. His “theory of organic analogy”, become popular. Spencer wrote a theory i.e. “Principles of Sociology”-1877, Which is known as first systematic study represents sociological analysis.

 

           His main works-

             

1. Social Statics
2. First Principales-(1862)
3. The study of Sociology-(1864-1867)
4. Principales of Ethics-(1870-1890)
5. Principals of Sociology-(1870-1890)
6. The man versus the state-(1884).

Herbert Spencer a great person who dies on 1903 at the age of 83.

Ref-

Shri.C.N.Shankar Rao-Fundamentals of Sociology-Published-2010-2011  page No-11

Shri.Prof.K.Bhirappa-Sociology-Page No-124

Father of Sociology-Auguste Comte

 

FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY

1.Auguste Comte(1798-1857)

Auguste Comte a famous philosopher who known as a Father of Sociology. He was from France. He was a first person who argue that scientific methods can be applied to study human society. Full name of the comte is Isidore Auguste Marie Franois Xavier Comte. He was born on 19 Jan 1798 at Montpellier of France. He  was joined in Echolo Polytechnic  on 1914. He married Kherolin Maasin but after some time he was taken divorce from her on 1842.

His contributions to enrich Sociological literature-

1. Introduced new science-(1839)
2. The law of three stages
3. Classification of science
4. Comte division of Sociology into two parts
5. Positive philosophy-(1830-1842),(in 6 vol)
6. Positive polity-(1851-1854),(in 4 vol)and etc

Auguste Comte a famous person who dies on 5 sept 1857. 

Ref-

1. Shri.C.N.Shankar Rao-Fundamentals of Sociology-Published-2010-2011  page No-9-11
2. Prof.K.Bhirappa-Sociology-Page No-118-119-Published-May 2008